The issue of choice arises, because a) the resources are scarce and b) the resources can be put to many alternative uses.
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Production process is the process of combining inputs, utilising their services and making production of goods and services. The entrepreneur organizes the production activities for which he earns profit or bears loss.
Demand for a commodity refers to the quantity of the commodity that a buyer is willing to buy at given price at given time. Individual demand is the quantity of a commodity that an individual buyer is willing to buy at the given price at given time.
Before money was invented people used to exchange goods for goods which was called barter system. There were many problems of barter system such as absence of a common measure of value, lack of double coincidence of wants, lack of space to store goods to exchange them for other goods etc. This prompted human society to discover money.
The story of Indian economy has two distinct phases. One, the economy during British period and two, the economy after independence.
This story is set in the future when children don’t have traditional books and schools. It is set about 150 years ahead. One day, Margie, a little girl in the story, makes a diary entry - ‘Today Tommy found a real book’.
Food is essential for our survival and growth: The chapter highlights the significance of food as a fundamental requirement for our survival and overall growth. It provides the energy and nutrients required by our bodies.
Food contains different components or nutrients: This point introduces the idea that food is composed of various components or nutrients that are essential for the body's growth, energy, and functioning.
Fibres are obtained from various sources in nature. Natural fibres come from plants and animals. Natural fibres can be obtained from plants (plant-based fibres) such as cotton and jute, as well as from animals (animal-based fibres) such as wool and silk.
Materials around us can be classified into different groups based on their properties and characteristics.
‘The Accidental Tourist’ is a humorous story. The narrator, Bill Bryson, narrates his experiences as an air traveller. There were many things that he could not do properly.
1. Who was Ausable?
Ausable was a secret agent. A very important document concerning some new missiles was under his safe custody. He didn’t look like a secret agent as we read in books or see in films. He was fat and sloppy. His office was in a small room on the sixth and top floor. Fowler was very disappointed to meet him.
1. Why was Dr. Herriot really worried about Tricki?
When Dr. Herriot saw Tricki with his mistress, he was really worried. He was shocked at his appearance. The dog had become hugely fat. His eyes were bloodshot and rheumy. His tongue lolled from his jaws. Naturally, the miserable condition of the dog made him really worried.
"The Proposal" is a one-act play by Anton Chekhov that explores the themes of pride, societal expectations, and the absurdity of human behavior. The play centers around a marriage proposal and the comedic misunderstandings that arise during the interaction between the characters.
This chapter introduces to the concept of separating different substances based on their properties. Substances are often mixed together in various combinations, and it is necessary to separate them for various purposes such as obtaining pure substances or removing impurities.
This chapter explores the concept of changes that occur in our surroundings and categorizes them into physical changes and chemical changes.
This chapter focuses on introducing the world of plants and various aspects of plant life. Plants provide us with food, oxygen, shelter, and various other resources.
his chapter focuses on the study of human body movements and the various types of movements performed by different body parts, covering the skeletal system, joints, muscles, and different types of movements.
This chapter explores the relationship between living organisms and their environment, emphasizing how organisms adapt to their surroundings.
This chapter focuses on the fundamental concepts of motion and the various methods of measuring distances. Motion refers to the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings.
This chapter explores the properties of light, the formation of shadows, and the phenomenon of reflection. Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects.
This chapter introduces the basic concepts of electricity, electric circuits, and the working of electrical appliances. Electricity is a form of energy that powers various devices and appliances we use.
1. Why do you think ordinary men and woman did not generally keep records of the what they did?
The ordinary men and woman generally did not keep records of what they did as they regarded it as a part of their daily routine and not anything important.
1. What was Citadel?
Citadel is the west part of Harappan city. It is smaller but higher.
1. What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social difference amongst those who were buried?
In Brahmagiri, archaeologists located a skeleton buried with 33 gold beads, 2 stone beads, 4 copper bangles and 1 conch shell. Some other skeletons were found but with only a few pots. This helped archaeologists to find out social differences of those who were buried.
1. What was the original name of Lord Buddha?
Siddartha was the original name of Lord Buddha.
1. What do you mean by an empire?
Large kingdom where different types of people live in different parts of the kingdom is known as an empire.
1. What are Jatakas?
Jatakas were stories written and preserved by Buddhist monks in Sanghas.
1. What were the things for which South India was famous?
South India was famous for gold and spices, especially pepper and precious stones.
1. Name the God who that were worshipped in the earliest Hindus temples.
Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Durga were worshipped in the earliest Hindu temples.
1. List some of the technological changes associated with this period?
(a) The Persian wheel in irrigation (b) The spinning wheel in weaving (c) Firearms in combat
1. Who were the parties involved in the ‘tripartite struggle’?
Gujara - Prathihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties.
1. Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Tomara Rajputs were the first rulers to establish their capital at Delhi.
1. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Delhi, Agra, Awash, Allahabad, Bihar, Bengal, Gujarat, Ajmer, Lahore, Multan and Kabul.
The bird had a nest in a tall and shady tree. The bird took care of her babies. One day, a strong storm uprooted many trees. The mother bird was killed, but her babies survived. The wind blew them away to the other side of the forest.
1. What was a Shikhara?
Shikhara was the topmost portion of the building. The top of the building built during Chola rulers was called Shikhara.
1. Name three important centres of trade.
Three important centres of trade were - Surat, Hampi and Masulipatnam.
1. On what basis society was divided?
Society was divided according to the rules of Varna, prescribed by the Brahmanas.
1. How did intense devotion come in worship?
Intense devotion came into worship in 8th century and later on due to the legacy of different kinds of Bhakti and Sufi movements.
India is a diverse country with a rich cultural heritage and a multitude of regional cultures. Each region in India has its own distinct language, customs, traditions, art forms, music, dance, and cuisine.
The 18th century witnessed the decline of the Mughal Empire, which had been a dominant political power in India for several centuries. Weak successors, administrative corruption, and invasions by foreign powers weakened the Mughal rule.
1. How important are dates?
Dates tell about the events, kings and their policies and battles which occurred at a particular time.
1. What attracted European trading companies to India?
The European trading companies were attracted to India because of fine quality of cotton and silk produced in India and Indian spices such as pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon.
1. Describe how company became the Diwan.
On 12 August 1765, Robert Clive was granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by the Mughal ruler.
1. Who was Birsa Munda?
Birsa belonged to a family of Mundas, a tribal group that lived in Chhotanagpur.
1. Who were affected by the policies of the East India Company?
Kings, queens, peasants, landlords, tribals and soldiers were all affected in different ways by the policies of the East India Company.